The removal of the destructive immune cells paves the way for a new and improved immune repertoire, including naïve T cells, which help suppress inflammatory disease activity. Indeed, there is evidence that following the elimination of adaptive and innate immune cells, HSCs progressively rebuild the immune system (1). The rationale behind HSCT for MS is that it provides a tune-up by wiping out the faulty immune system and starting anew. Researchers think that a failure in the braking system of proinflammatory pathways leads to brain inflammation. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks nerve cells in the brain. Now, scientists are investigating HSCT for treating MS. Researchers originally developed a procedure called HSC transplantation (HSCT), which involves harvesting HSCs from a patient’s bone marrow followed by intense immune cell depletion and HSC reintroduction, to treat blood cancers. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) originate from bone marrow to replenish blood cells. “Stem cell” is a catchall term for any cell that can differentiate into another cell type. Stem cell therapies for MS first emerged as promising candidates nearly two decades ago, but their success in the clinic has been limited, and public misunderstanding of these therapies threatens their legitimacy. However, there is no cure for MS, and very few treatment options exist for patients with advanced forms of the disease. Despite advancements in our understanding of the causes of multiple sclerosis (MS), a narrow selection of treatment options are available for the wide range of patient experiences.Īggressive treatment with immune-modifying drugs early in the disease course can mitigate the wear and tear of MS by reducing relapse and slowing down the body’s attack on brain cells. For others, it is a slow, smoldering progression. For some people, the attacks start as sudden and recurring.
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